Sickle Cell trait is the inheritance of an abnormal gene which can cause deformation (“sickling”) of the red blood cell, along with a normal gene for hemoglobin. Approximately one in every 12 African-Americans has sickle cell trait, (compared to ~ one in 2,000 to 12,000 white Americans). The gene for sickle cell trait is also present in individuals of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Indian, Caribbean and South / Central American ancestry. All newborns in the U.S. are required to be screened for sickle cell.
Sickle cell trait has been associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, as well as death, and complicating factors include extreme exertion, increased heat, altitude, & dehydration. Over a nine-year span, seven athletes participating in NCAA sports died as a complication of sickle cell trait. It is because of this that the NCAA has now mandated testing or proof of testing prior to any practice, competition or conditioning.
Effective August 1, 2022, all incoming NCAA Division II student-athletes who are beginning their initial season of eligibility and students who are trying out for a team, as part of their required medical examination or evaluation, must be tested for sickle cell trait and provide the institution with proof of a prior test. NCAA ByLaw 17.1.5.1 Sickle Cell Solubility Test.
Why get tested? The sickle cell trait test (SST) is relatively easy to perform and can provide educational information that can be helpful to you both on and off the field. It is helpful to know your sickle cell status and can allow health care professionals to take better care of you. If you were born in the U.S., your testing results may be available in your medical record.
What happens if I test positive? Athletes that are sickle cell trait positive may participate in sports, often with no modifications whatsoever. Individuals that test positive for sickle cell trait will be counseled on what can be done to avoid complications.
Who will know that I test positive? The medical staff needs to be aware of your sickle cell status to provide optimal care of you during practice, competition and conditioning. Outside of this, you will be asked if and who this information can be released to.
Is it mandatory that I have the sickle cell trait test? Yes. Every prospective student-athlete, and student-athletes in their initial season of eligibility starting August 1, 2022 must be tested or show proof of prior testing for sickle cell trait.
A student-athlete who previously signed a waiver declining confirmation of sickle cell trait status PRIOR TO August 1, 2022, will not be required to provide documented sickle cell solubility test results prior to participation.
NOTE: NCAA rules do not permit student-athletes to practice with their team until the results of the test have come in. You cannot be cleared to practice/participate until the test results are available. This will delay your participation in your sport.
